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Ain Mallaha, also known as Eynan, was a Natufian settlement built and settled circa 10,000–8,000 BCE. The settlement is an example of hunter-gatherer sedentism, a crucial step in the transition from foraging to farming. == The Village == The site is located in Northern Israel, North of the Sea of Galilee, and is in an area surrounded by hills and located by an ancient lake, Lake Huleh. At the time of its inhabitance, the area was heavily forested in oak, almond, and pistachio trees.〔Mithen, Steven J.: ''After The Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000-5000 BC'', page 29. Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2003.〕 The Natufian village was colonized in three phases. The first two phases had massive stone-built structures with smaller ones in the third phase. These phases occurred from 12,000 to 9600 B.C. The dwellings were cut into the earth, had subterranean floors, and wall that were built of drystone. Wooden posts supported the roofs, which were probably thatches with brushwood or animal hides.〔Mithen, Steven J.: ''After The Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000-5000 BC'', page 28. Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2003.〕 Hearths were located within the dwellings. Ain Mallaha contains the earliest known archeological evidence of dog domestication: the burial of a human being with a domestic dog.〔Davis, S.J.M. and Valla, F.R. 1978. Evidence for the domestication of the dog 12,000 years ago in the Natufian of Israel. ''Nature'' 276, 608-10.〕 == Diet == The inhabitants of Ain Mallaha were sedentary hunter gatherers; it is likely that they lived in Ain Mallaha year round, gathering food from the surrounding wild stands of edible vegetation, and hunting local game. The inhabitants used hand mortars for grinding wild nuts and grain, and stone sickles for cutting plants from wild stands. Many of these sickle stones hold "sickle-gloss," indicating they had been used to cut large numbers of plant stems, most likely wild wheat and barley.〔Mithen, Steven J.: ''After The Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000-5000 BC'', page 30. Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2003.〕 The inhabitants are known to have eaten gazelle, fallow deer, wild boar, red and roe deer, hare, tortoise, reptiles, and fish.〔C. Scarre, The Human Past, 2005.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ain Mallaha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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